ࡱ> (*'7 bjbjUU .7|7| l      $ .   R  : ,  L8? Z:7 0 A R.   Social Influence Example Answer: Grade E Jan 2003 Paper (a) What is meant by: (i) Obedience Majority Influence (iii) Minority Influence (6 marks) Obedience is when you obey someone like your teacher. Majority influence is when you do what everyone else is doing just because you want to be like them. Minority influence is when people in a jury change their minds about a guilty person because one person thinks they are innocent. (b) Outline findings of research into conformity (majority influence) (6 marks) Asch found that people conformed to what other people said when they were asked last in a group of eight people. They said that the line was the same as another even when it wasnt. In the Zimbardo experiment the guards were very cruel to the prisoners and the prisoners let them be cruel. In the Sherif experiment the light that was not moving was said to be moving when the Participant was with a group. (c) Some studies of obedience are criticised for lacking experimental validity, others for lacking ecological validity and others for lacking both. To what extent have studies of obedience been shown to lack validity? (18 marks) Experimental validity happens when an experimenter tells someone, a confederate, to give electric shocks to someone else and they believe they are doing what they are told. Ecological validity is when something happens in the real world and it happens the same in the laboratory. In the electric shocks study all of the people who did the experiment thought they were giving electric shocks to the other person but they were not. They were just pretending to be hurt and the person believed them. This shows experimental validity. Ecological validity was not in the shock experiment because it is not what you would expect in the real world and because it happened in the lab which was the university. It is unethical to give electric shocks to anybody without their permission. It is also illegal as it would harm them and you do not have their consent. The Zimbardo experiment in the prison had ecological validity because that is what would happen in a prison. The guards are cruel to the prisoners because they are being punished. This experiment has experimental validity because the people believed they had to obey the guards and even asked for parole when they could have just left the experiment. The Hofling drug experiment had ecological validity because it happened in a hospital and not in a lab so it was believable. Validity is important to make your results valid. 89{ ! d  B*aJphB*OJQJ^JaJph>*B*CJ ph B*phB*OJQJ^Jph OJQJ^J )89h{AB D $f]f^a$ $f]f^a$$ & F f0]f^`0a$$ f]f^a$$ & F Hf]f^`a$f]f & Ff]ff]f$f]fa$f]fD d $f]f^`a$ $f]f^a$f]f$f0]f^`0a$ f0]f^`0 $f]f^a$,1h. A!"#$%  i8@8 NormalCJ_HaJmH sH tH <A@< Default Paragraph FontD>`D Title$a$ >*B*CJ OJQJ^JaJphRC`R Body Text Indent @ ^@ B*OJQJ^JphPT`P Block Textx]^OJQJ^JmH sH `R`"` Body Text Indent 2$^a$B*OJQJ^JaJph )89h{AB Dd  0000 00 0h0 00 00000000000 D  PQ!%LR i p  Qg;?MV 3333&( !  PhillmojbF:\My Documents\PsYonline\Exam Answers from Teachers\Social Influence\Social Influence Grade E.doc*+n7b,^`o(()^`.pLp^p`L.@ @ ^@ `.^`.L^`L.^`.^`.PLP^P`L.@ xx^x`o(()h HH^H`B*o(ph()@ ^`o(()^`.^`.L^`L.^`.X X ^X `.(#L(#^(#`L.+n7:4        zv֛zv      @ p- @UnknownGz Times New Roman5Symbol3& z ArialCFComic Sans MS"qh uP"205 2Q(Social Influence Example Answer: Grade EPhillmojPhillmojOh+'0 ( D P \hpx)Social Influence Example Answer: Grade Eoci PhillmojfluhilNormalj Phillmojflu9ilMicrosoft Word 9.0a@e@f84?@&c8?uP=AQA Psychology (A): Social Influence Example Answer: Grade E՜.+,0 hp   EdgeHillf5  )Social Influence Example Answer: Grade E Title  !"#$%&),Root Entry Fpu|+1TableWordDocument.SummaryInformation(DocumentSummaryInformation8CompObjjObjectPool U8? U8?   FMicrosoft Word Document MSWordDocWord.Document.89qOh+'0 ( D P \hpx)Social Influence Example Answer: Grade Eoci PhillmojfluhilNormalj Phillmojflu9ilMicrosoft Word 9.0a@e@f84?@&c8?uP=AQA Psychology (A): Social Influence Example Answer: Grade E