ࡱ> (*'7 bjbjUU .7|7| lBBBBBBBVTTTT `VH   $B b B dBB dddBB d dpd:? ,BB t ` 8?VT.k  0H u R04 dVVBBBBSocial Influence Example Answer: Grade C Jan 2003 Paper (a) What is meant by: (i) Obedience Majority Influence (iii) Minority Influence (6 marks) Obedience is when you obey someone who is in charge of you because it is the right thing to do. Majority influence is the influence of a large amount of people on a smaller amount of people. The smaller amount of people will go along with the others to be liked. Minority influence happens when a small amount of people can change the minds of a larger amount of people. (b) Outline findings of research into conformity (majority influence) (6 marks) In the Asch line study it was found that 32% of Ps conformed to the majority because they were the last to be asked. In the Zimbardo experiment on prisoners and guards it was found that the prisoners were more likely to conform to the guards demands and the guards were more likely to be cruel to the prisoners because they were conforming to Zimbardos demands. In the Sherif experiment about a moving light it was found that people said that the light was moving more when they were with other people who said it moved more than they did. (c) Some studies of obedience are criticised for lacking experimental validity, others for lacking ecological validity and others for lacking both. To what extent have studies of obedience been shown to lack validity? (18 marks) Experimental validity means that you believe you are doing the things the researcher says you are doing such as giving electric shocks in the Milgram shock study. Ecological validity means that the things you do in an experiment are likely to happen in the real world. Laboratory experiments dont have ecological validity. Experimental validity and ecological validity are two things that make a good experiment. The Milgram study doesnt have very high experimental validity because it is not likely that people will believe that they are giving electric shocks to complete strangers. If you were to give someone a shock they would be harmed and this would be unethical. Also, you could get into trouble with the police so you wouldnt be likely to do it just because someone in a white coat told you to. The people who did obey might not have believed it. The Milgram study had no ecological validity because you are not likely to be asked to give people electric shocks in the real world. I cannot imagine a situation where I would be asked to give someone an electric shock and if I was I would refuse. A study that had ecological validity was the one done in the hospital where nurses obeyed an order from a doctor they talked to on the phone. The nurses were not allowed to take orders over the phone but 21 out of 22 did it and gave patients an overdose of a drug because of it. This was unethical. It has ecological validity because the nurses said that they often took orders on the phone even though they were not allowed to, so it happened in everyday life and it was believable so it had experimental validity too. The Asch line study did not have ecological validity because it was done in a lab. Experimental validity and ecological validity are very important in the way that experiments are done and ethics are important too. 89{uv >*B*CJ ph B*phB*OJQJ^Jph OJQJ^J )89h{v  0^`0$^a$$^a$$ & F 0^`0a$$a$$ & F H0^`0a$ & F$a$ + C $0^`0a$$^a$,1h. A!"n#$%  i8@8 NormalCJ_HaJmH sH tH <A@< Default Paragraph FontD>@D Title$a$ >*B*CJ OJQJ^JaJphRC@R Body Text Indent @ ^@ B*OJQJ^Jph )89h{v+C 0000 00 0h0 00 0000000000000   PQ~ 07 Qg/ 33C C PhillmojbF:\My Documents\PsYonline\Exam Answers from Teachers\Social Influence\Social Influence Grade C.docPhillmoj?C:\WINNT\Temp\AutoRecovery save of Social Influence Grade C.asd*+n7b,^`o(()^`.pLp^p`L.@ @ ^@ `.^`.L^`L.^`.^`.PLP^P`L.@ xx^x`o(()h HH^H`B*o(ph()@ ^`o(()^`.^`.L^`L.^`.X X ^X `.(#L(#^(#`L.+n7:4        zv֛zv      @t @@UnknownGz Times New Roman5Symbol3& z ArialCFComic Sans MS"qh  "20 2Q(Social Influence Example Answer: Grade CPhillmojPhillmojOh+'0 ( D P \hpx)Social Influence Example Answer: Grade Coci PhillmojfluhilNormalj Phillmojflu10lMicrosoft Word 9.0a@0@ 74?@l&8? =AQA Psychology (A): Social Influence Example Answer: Grade C՜.+,0 hp   EdgeHillf  )Social Influence Example Answer: Grade C Title  !"#$%&),Root Entry F D|+1TableWordDocument.SummaryInformation(DocumentSummaryInformation8CompObjjObjectPool)8?)8?   FMicrosoft Word Document MSWordDocWord.Document.89qOh+'0 ( D P \hpx)Social Influence Example Answer: Grade Coci PhillmojfluhilNormalj Phillmojflu10lMicrosoft Word 9.0a@0@ 74?@l&8? =AQA Psychology (A): Social Influence Example Answer: Grade C