ࡱ> HJG7 ~bjbjUU .F7|7|~l  D!04 4 4 4 4 X!Z!Z!Z!Z!Z!Z!$ # )%v~! @ ~! 4 4 c! v4 4 X! X!  X!4 ( kC? M p4 X!!0!H % 6%X! Research Methods Exam Answer: Grade A Total marks for this question: 30 marks A Local Authority was concerned about the amount of under-age drinking in the area. As part of a long-term strategy to try and eliminate this activity they asked a group of Psychology students to help design a questionnaire to be used in a survey of local school children in the area. The following is an extract from the questionnaire. 4. Do you drink alcoholic drinks? yes/no  5. How many units of alcohol do you consume, on average, each week?  6. What age can you legally buy alcohol in a pub? 7. Why did you start consuming alcoholic drinks? ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... 8. For what reasons do you consume alcoholic drinks? ................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................... (a) Outline one advantage and one disadvantage of using a questionnaire. (2 marks + 2 marks) One advantage of a questionnaire is that lots of information can be collected from a large sample in a short period of time. This large sample size could make the data more reliable. (2 marks) One disadvantage is that people may not want to tell the truth about themselves in case the researcher thinks badly of them. This is a social desirability bias. (2 marks) (b) Explain one reason why a pilot study should have been carried out in the context of this survey. (3 marks) A pilot study would allow the researcher to find out if the questions were clear and easily understood. For example in question 5 young people may not understand the meaning of a unit of alcohol and may confuse the amount with the number of drinks they consume. (3 marks) (c) (i) Identify one question in the extract above that would provide qualitative data. (1 mark) Question 8 would provide qualitative data. (1 mark) (ii) With reference to the question chosen in part (i), explain why this question would produce qualitative data. (3 marks) Question 8 would provide qualitative data because it would not contain numerical data. The respondent would have to use his own words to answer the question and the answer would relate to his reasons for consuming alcohol. (3 marks) (d) (i) Identify one sampling method that could have been used in this survey. (1 mark) One method of sampling that could be used in this survey would be opportunity sampling where your participants are those people who are available at the time. (1 mark) (ii) In the context of this survey, explain one reason for using the sampling method you have identified in (i) (2 marks) An opportunity sample would be appropriate for this survey because there are lots of schools where you could distribute the questionnaires to the target group who would be young people. (2 marks) (e) (i) The questions in the extract from the questionnaire can be criticised. Select one question and give a criticism of it. (2 marks) Question 7 can be criticised because it might encourage the respondent to write down lots of information that would not be relevant to the question. This is qualitative data and is very difficult to analyse and it would take a lot of time to analyse. (2 marks) (ii) Re-write the question you selected so that it overcomes the criticism you identified in (i). (2 marks) To overcome the criticisms I would give the respondent a list of reasons why they might have started drinking e.g My friends were drinking and I wanted to be like them. I tried it once at home and liked it. My parents drink a lot and they like it so I decided to do it because they did. Dont know. They could then tick the answer they wanted. (2 marks) (f) Describe two ways of making sure that this survey would be carried out in an ethically acceptable way. (3 marks + 3 marks) The respondents should not be named on their response sheets. They should remain anonymous. This should be made clear to the respondents as it may be a concern that they are afraid to raise. (2 marks) If they are under 16 years old you would have to have permission from their parents to include hem in the survey. This might be difficult to do as they should not be drinking if they are under 18 and might not want their parents to know. In this case they should not be included in the survey. (3 marks) (g) Following the survey it was decided to conduct an observational study into under-age drinking. Outline procedures for carrying out such an observation. (6 marks) Decide where the observation should take place. This could be either in a pub or outside an off-licence where young people tend to meet. Decide how you would be able to define young people. You might have to do this by guessing how old they are. Decide which behaviour you are going to observe. You would have to decide on categories of behaviour e.g. having 1,2,3 etc drinks. Which drinks they buy e.g. beer, alcopops, wine, whisky. Ethics. Is it ethical to watch people without their permission? (4 marks) &'FP % 8 9 : ؿبب؛؁q^q^qRC56CJOJQJ\]aJ5CJOJQJ\aJ%56B*CJOJQJ\]aJph5B*CJOJQJ\aJphB*CJOJQJaJphB*CJOJQJaJphB*CJ:OJQJaJ:ph-jB*CJOJQJUaJmHnHphuB*OJQJph6B*CJOJQJ]aJphB*CJOJQJaJph5B*CJOJQJ\aJph5B*CJ\ph&'OPmn}}}}}$d1$7$8$H$^a$$d1$7$8$H$^a$$d1$7$8$H$^a$$d1$7$8$@&H$^a$$d1$7$8$H$^a$$d 1$7$8$H$^a$$d 1$7$8$@&H$^a$~NOP$d 1$7$8$H$^a$$ 8.d&1$7$8$H$].^a$$ d&1$7$8$H$^a$$d&1$7$8$H$^a$$  d1$7$8$H$^a$$d1$7$8$H$^a$6 7 9 :   : ; b c $d1$7$8$@&H$^a$$ d1$7$8$@&H$^a$$1$7$8$H$^a$$d&1$7$8$H$^a$$d+1$7$8$H$^a$: 0 3 9 : ; c k t x u~owxFOPR]@AǷǷԜԜǜ5CJOJQJ\aJ5B*CJOJQJ\aJph56CJOJQJ\]aJ6CJOJQJ]aJ6B*CJOJQJ]aJphB*CJOJQJaJph%56B*CJOJQJ\]aJph5B*CJOJQJ\aJphCJOJQJaJ2c nos\$ Hd1$7$8$H$^a$$T|d 1$7$8$@&H$^T`|a$$d 1$7$8$@&H$^a$$ d1$7$8$H$^a$$d1$7$8$H$^a$$d1$7$8$@&H$`a$$d1$7$8$@&H$a$$0d1$7$8$@&H$^`0a$ wxPQR\]>$ TT|d1$7$8$@&H$^T`|a$$d1$7$8$H$^a$ $d1$7$8$H$a$$Td1$7$8$H$^Ta$$(d1$7$8$H$^(a$$ Hd1$7$8$H$^a$>?v?@A$ & F d1$7$8$H$a$$ d1$7$8$H$a$$ 8d1$7$8$H$^8`a$$ Ld1$7$8$H$^a$$ & Fd1$7$8$H$a$$d1$7$8$H$^a$ ANRhrs~ƺƫϫ56CJOJQJ\]aJ5CJOJQJ\aJCJOJQJaJB*CJOJQJaJph%56B*CJOJQJ\]aJph5B*CJOJQJ\aJph rsniJ$ & F 8d1$7$8$@&H$^a$$ & F d1$7$8$@&H$^a$$ 8d1$7$8$@&H$^8a$$ d1$7$8$@&H$^a$$ d1$7$8$H$^a$$ & F d1$7$8$H$a$$ 8d1$7$8$H$^8a$no-.~$ d1$7$8$@&H$a$$ & F 8d1$7$8$@&H$^a$$ 8d1$7$8$@&H$^8a$,1h. A!"#$%  i8@8 NormalCJ_HaJmH sH tH <A@< Default Paragraph FontJYJ  Document Map-D M OJQJ^JV>@V Title%$d 1$7$8$@&H$^a$>*CJOJQJaJdC@d Body Text Indent"$d1$7$8$H$^a$CJOJQJaJ~F&'OPmnNOP679::;b c    n o w x PQR\]>?v?@Arsno-.0000'0'0'00n0n0n0n0n0n0n0n0n0n0n0n0n0n0n0n0n0n0n0n0n0n0n0n0n0n0n0n0000000000000 0 00000o 0o 0o 0o 0o 0o 0o 0o 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0  0  0  0  0 0 0 0 0 0 0  0 0  0 0 00 00 00 00  0: A~ c >n~!"~8 @(  <  # <  # B S  ?~ !?t !/th i 6 7 x y 9<w}"h i x y BM$*t3333333388 X a b m m v R[=>4>DEssmn,-t} Mike & ChristinelaptopUserPhillmojaF:\My Documents\PsYonline\Exam Answers from Teachers\Research Methods\Research Grade A answer.docPhillmojcF:\My Documents\PsYonline\Exam Answers from Teachers\Research Methods\Research Methods Grade A.doc2VL*5!´'ھS&( 96$p *>gF;G/Wkhhh^h`.h88^8`.hL^`L.h  ^ `.h  ^ `.hxLx^x`L.hHH^H`.h^`.hL^`L.h^`.h  ^ `.h L ^ `L.hxx^x`.hHH^H`.hL^`L.h^`.h^`.hL^`L.h^`.h^`.hpLp^p`L.h@ @ ^@ `.h^`.hL^`L.h^`.h^`.hPLP^P`L.h^`.hpp^p`.h@ L@ ^@ `L.h^`.h^`.hL^`L.h^`.hPP^P`.h L ^ `L. 0^`06CJo(() ^`hH.  L ^ `LhH.   ^ `hH. xx^x`hH. HLH^H`LhH. ^`hH. ^`hH. L^`LhH.88^8`o(. ^`hH.  L ^ `LhH.   ^ `hH. xx^x`hH. HLH^H`LhH. ^`hH. ^`hH. L^`LhH.h^`.hpp^p`.h@ L@ ^@ `L.h^`.h^`.hL^`L.h^`.hPP^P`.h L ^ `L. 96 *>G/Wk2'S&(L*5!                                     Tc        ^G                 @}}t}t~@@UnknownGz Times New Roman5Symbol3& z ArialCFComic Sans MS5& z!Tahoma"qh{F;z @ 'aC )"20dt 3Q HGrade A answerMike & ChristinePhillmojOh+'0 ( D P \ ht|Grade A answerradMike & ChristinedikeikeNormalC Phillmojris13lMicrosoft Word 9.0@NZ@^@0:@zC?@՜.+,0 hp  Home '  Grade A answer Title  !"#%&'()*+,-./012345689:;<=>@ABCDEFIRoot Entry FPC?K1Table$%WordDocument.FSummaryInformation(7DocumentSummaryInformation8?CompObjjObjectPoolPC?PC?  FMicrosoft Word Document MSWordDocWord.Document.89q